Bone Density of the Axial and Appendicular Skeleton in Patients with Idiopathic Scoliosis: A comparative Analysis of Children and Adults

Background: The available literature indicates variations in bone density parameters in the axial and appendicular skeleton, potentially affecting the strength of fixation. Objective: To compare bone density parameters in the axial and appendicular skeleton in patients with idiopathic scoliosis across age groups. Materials and methods: A retrospective analysis of MSCT scans of the spine and proximal femur was conducted in 173 patients aged 10–18 years (children) and 127 patients aged 19–50 years (adults). Bone density of the vertebrae and proximal femur was assessed (HU). Results: In children, both osteoporosis and osteopenia were observed in the thoracic and lumbar spine. The bone density of the proximal femur was within the normal range. In adult patients, against the background of normalization of mineral metabolism parameters, vertebral bone density was within the normal range; however, decreased bone density was observed in the proximal femur, including reduced density of the femoral head on the concave side. Conclusion: The presence of osteoporosis and osteopenia in children with idiopathic scoliosis highlights the need for thorough preoperative assessment and pre- and postoperative therapy to reduce complications associated with decreased bone mineral density. Adult patients require preoperative rehabilitation to improve functional capacity, as well as monitoring of the proximal femur.