Vdi 2221 Based Mechanical Safe Drop Box Design and Scenario Based Design as a Solution for Self Patching Packages in Urban Residences

The rapid growth of e-commerce has increased package delivery volumes, but the main challenge in last-mile delivery (LMD) is the absence of recipients at the destination location. This research aims to design a Safe Drop Box, which is a mechanical parcel locker product for the independent receipt of goods and food packages in urban housing. The novelty in this research is the design process with a structured approach that integrates the VDI 2221 method and Scenario-Based Design to optimize functional and economic values ​​simultaneously. Preliminary observations identified three patterns of package receipt behavior when consumers were not at home, while questionnaire data revealed that 52% were often not at home when the courier arrived, with the main concern being the risk of theft (62.2%) and damage from weather or animals (35.1%). The resulting product has dimensions of 90 cm × 45 cm × 45 cm with a capacity volume of 100 liters for goods packages and 35 liters for food packages, and is equipped with a one-way entry door mechanism as the main security feature. The test results show that the product works according to the demands in the demand list; The courier operation time reaches 6–9 seconds (below the target of 20 seconds), the one-way entry mechanism is proven to prevent access from outside, and the visibility feature through transparent acrylic allows checking packages without opening the door. With a production cost of IDR 1,177,200, the Safe Drop Box has proven to be an effective, safe, and economical standalone package acceptance solution, and offers a more affordable alternative to similar IoT-based products that require high costs and extra maintenance.