Myocardial Ischemia–Reperfusion Injury: Targeted Mechanism Network and Emerging Therapeutic Strategies

Myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury (MI/RI) is a common complication of cardiovascular disease management. Although revascularization strategies, including percutaneous coronary intervention and coronary artery bypass grafting, can restore blood flow, myocardial structure and function often remain incompletely recovered. Reperfusion can also cause additional tissue damage. This paradoxical exacerbation is largely attributable to oxidative stress and inflammatory responses. In this narrative review, we summarize recent advances in the mechanistic understanding of myocardial ischemia–reperfusion injury and evaluate emerging therapeutic strategies. These approaches hold considerable promise and may provide novel preclinical evidence and clinical translation insights for improving prevention and management of reperfusion injury.