Analysis of Influencing Factors of Black Soil Protection

Holistically considering the systemic function of multi-dimensional factors and accurately identifying core elements within black soil conservation are essential for dynamically adjusting conservation strategies and consolidating the foundation of national food security. This study innovatively adapts Hayami’s social development model for the domain of black soil conservation and employs the revised model as its macro-analytical framework. Based on 224 qualitative textual documents collected from four typical pilot counties in Northeast China during 2022–2024, this study adopts a grounded theory approach to unpack micro-level interaction mechanisms in black soil conservation practices. The results demonstrate that black soil conservation constitutes a complex comprehensive system covering technology, talent, institutions, resources, and industry, which shows high consistency with the logic of the social development model. The talent–technology subsystem acts as a critical bridging hub connecting the institutional and the resource–industry subsystems and undertakes core driving functions in conservation practice. Five core interactive influencing mechanisms are identified: technology supply, multi-stakeholder co-governance, institutional normalization, resource allocation, and industrial integration. This study reveals the socioeconomic interaction process of black soil conservation and provides differentiated empirical references for formulating locally adapted governance strategies for pilot areas and similar black soil regions.