Integrative Taxonomy Reveals Two Newly Recorded Genera for China and a New Species of Anamalysia (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Alysiinae)

The two alysiine genera Phaenospila van Achterberg & Yao, 2022 and Anamalysia van Achterberg, 2022 were recently established from South and Southeast Asia, but their diversity and distribution in China remain poorly documented. To address this gap, specimens from field collections and historical specimens were examined using an integrative approach that combined morphology with molecular data from the COI barcode. Species boundaries were assessed using maximum-likelihood COI gene-tree inference, K2P pairwise genetic distances, and the ABGD and bPTP species delimitation methods. Both genera are reported from China for the first time, with P. brevicarinata showing a broader documented latitudinal distribution and extending farther north than P. signator, and Anamalysia dentifera sp. nov. is described from Hainan. The two delimitation methods yielded congruent partitions comprising eight ingroup molecular operational taxonomic units (MOTUs), and a clear barcode gap was evident, with the maximum intraspecific distance (3.39%) lower than the minimum interspecific distance (6.90%). Although bPTP support was heterogeneous among taxa, morphology remains essential evidence for species recognition. These results substantially expand the known ranges of both genera and demonstrate the value of integrating morphology, museum material, and DNA barcodes in poorly known alysiine wasps.