A Comparative Morphological Analysis of the Allahverdi Khan and Khaju Bridges: Explicating Distinctions Through the Reorientation of Design Priorities

Safavid bridges constructed within the Isfahan School were fundamental components of the city’s spatial, social, and symbolic organization, acting as much more than connective structures. This study comparatively analyzes the architectural morphology of the Allahverdi Khan and Khaju bridges to examine the orientation of design priorities in the mentioned bridges. Employing a qualitative, descriptive, and analytical methodology based on archival library sources, historical texts, and empirical architectural evidence, the research framework systematically evaluates four principal dimensions: numerical order and geometric configuration, siting logic, spatial organization and functional logic, and structural logic. These dimensions are rigorously examined through key criteria such as urban and riverine context, structural layout, spatial rhythm, circulation, and interactive spaces. Findings demonstrate that despite their shared primary infrastructural function, the two bridges embody entirely distinct design strategies. The Allahverdi Khan Bridge primarily emphasizes linear spatial organization and passage-oriented movement across the river. Conversely, the Khaju Bridge utilizes centripetal geometry and strategic river regulation to integrate linear passage with centralized, multilevel spaces specifically designed for social pause. Rather than representing a linear historical evolution, this comparative morphological analysis reveals a contextual reorientation in design—a strategic shift where architectural priorities were dynamically adapted to distinct site conditions, programmatic demands, and urban settings.