Investment Decisions in Trading Card Game (TCG) Cards: The Roles of Self-Control, Financial Literacy, Financial Attitude, and Income

This study aims to empirically examine the effects of self-control, financial literacy, financial attitude, and income on investment decisions involving Trading Card Game (TCG) cards. The study is motivated by the rapid growth of investments in unconventional assets, such as TCG cards, which have attracted increasing interest from investors beyond traditional investment instruments, such as stocks or bonds. A mixed-methods approach employing an explanatory sequential design was adopted, with quantitative analysis serving as the primary method and qualitative inquiry providing complementary insights. The sample was selected using purposive sampling from members of TCG communities in Indonesia who had engaged in collecting, trading, or investing in TCG cards. Primary data were collected through an online questionnaire followed by semi-structured interviews. The quantitative data were analyzed using SmartPLS 4, while the qualitative data were examined through thematic descriptive analysis. These findings indicate TCG investment decisions are driven by income and restrained by conservative financial attitudes. Literacy and self-control have no significant effect, overridden by community dynamics.