Immunohormonal factors associated with early miscarriage in the anamnesis in reproductive age women residing in the Murmansk Region

Introduction . Due to reproductive dysfunction and changes in immune profile caused by a complex of climatic and geographical factors it is relevant to study immunological and hormonal factors associated with miscarriage in women residing in Northern and Arctic territories. Aim : to evaluate immuno-hormonal disorders associated with former miscarriage in 20-30-year-old women of reproductive age residing in the Arctic territory. Materials and Methods . An immuno-hormonal study was conducted on 84 women aged 20–30 residing in Murmansk Region (Apatity), 30 of which had a history of early miscarriages. The level of hormones such as follicle-stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, prolactin, and cortisol (follicular phase); progesterone and estradiol (luteal phase) was assessed using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. Standard hematological and immunological methods were used to assess hemogram (the content of erythrocytes, hemoglobin, platelets, leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, basophils), lymphocyte phenotypes (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD10, CD19, CD16, CD71, CD95), cytokine levels – interleukins (IL) IL-1β, IL-6, IL-10, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), endothelin-1, immunoglobulins (IgM, IgG, IgA, IgE), circulating immune complexes (CIC). Odds ratio estimation and binary logistic regression were used to determine factors associated with a history of miscarriage. Results . According to multiple logistic regression, immunological and endocrine indicators, such as low levels of IgM, IgG, progesterone and high concentrations of IgA, prolactin, are significant markers associated with a history of miscarriage in women living in the Arctic region. Conclusion . In women of the Murmansk region, changes in hormonal status and humoral immunity are associated with early miscarriage in the anamnesis. The immunoglobulin imbalance can be considered as a potential risk factor for miscarriage, which requires additional verification in prospective studies.