Chatbot AI sebagai Rujukan Hukum Keluarga Islam: Otoritas, Maqashid, dan Pertanggungjawaban dalam Fikih Kontemporer

The rapid growth of artificial intelligence (AI) chatbots has led the public to consult machines on marriage, divorce, inheritance, and child custody (hadhanah). This article analyzes the status of AI chatbot responses as references in Islamic family law, their ethical and legal risks, and a viable framework for lay use. This normative legal study applies conceptual and statutory approaches to scholarly works from 2020–2026, fiqh literature, religious institutions’ positions, and Indonesian legislation. Findings show that chatbot responses are best positioned as preliminary information (tasawur) or supplementary study material (wasilah), not as fatwas or actionable guidance, because chatbots lack the scholarly qualifications (ijtihad and ‘adalah), moral accountability (taklif), and scholarly chain (sanad) of a mufti. Risk rises with legal consequence: general information is low-risk, whereas marriage validity, divorce, lineage, complex inheritance, and custody pose high risks to hifzh al-nasl, hifzh al-nafs, and hifzh al-mal, and may conflict with formal legality in the Religious Courts. The article proposes a three-layered framework—response status, case-based risk stratification, and multi-stakeholder guidelines—integrating maqasid al-shari’ah, sadd al-dhari’ah, and Indonesia’s Personal Data Protection Law.