The use of generative AI for multimodal learning, teaching and assessment in higher education: A scoping review

Generative Artificial Intelligence (GenAI) presents opportunities for multimodal learning, but this remains under-explored. This scoping review identifies trends across 19 multinational and multidisciplinary peer-reviewed empirical studies. Findings reveal that image-based modalities dominate multimodal GenAI applications in teaching/learning, while assessment examples are scarce. Studies also focus either on the technicality or the pedagogy in multimodal learning designs. Application within pedagogic contexts remains under-evaluated. Challenges related to ethics, technological sustainability, and inclusivity also persist.