Evaluation of threatened miscarriage and prognostic factors influencing treatment outcomes

Objectives: To investigate the clinical and paraclinical characteristics of patients with threatened miscarriage and evaluate the factors associated with treatment outcomes in threatened miscarriage. Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Antenatal Department, Hue Central Hospital from October 2024 to March 2025. A total of 164 pregnant women before 22 weeks’ gestation diagnosed with threatened miscarriage according to the 2015 Vietnamese Ministry of Health criteria were enrolled. Patients with alternative causes of bleeding, pregnancies terminated for maternal illness, those unwilling to participate, or those non-adherent to the study protocol (e.g., refusal of consent, incomplete essential assessments, or loss to follow-up) were excluded from the primary analysis. Data were processed and analyzed using Microsoft Excel 2016 and SPSS version 20.0. Results: The mean age of the patients was 29.4 ± 4.9 years old. The most common clinical symptom was vaginal bleeding accompanied by abdominal pain, which accounted for 64.0%. The treatment outcome showed a success rate of 81.7%, while the miscarriage rate was 18.3%. The success rate was 82.0% in the group treated with a combination of three medications, comparable to the 82.9% success rate in the group treated with two. Factors predictive of successful treatment outcomes included a β-hCG level ≥ 28412.5 mIU/mL and fetal heart rate > 114 beats per minute. Conclusion: Patients presenting with both abdominal pain and vaginal bleeding had a higher miscarriage rate. A fetal heart rate > 114 beats per minute and a β-hCG level ≥ 28412.5 mIU/mL were significant predictors of a successful treatment outcome.