Hybrid Intelligent Control for System Dynamic Regulation of Large Interconnected Power Systems Incorporating Electric Vehicles With Real‐Time Implementation

This article discusses the dynamic response regulation of contemporary power systems, focusing on hybrid configurations that integrate conventional and nonconventional energy sources. The integration of electric vehicles (EVs) and nonconventional energy sources, along with relevant system nonlinearities, complicates an existing power system. A strong controller is necessary for such a system to function correctly. A novel multistage control method based on model predictive control is provided for effective frequency management. The simulation findings indicate a notable reduction in system dynamics when comparing the proposed controller with traditional industrial controllers. A novel Pied Kingfisher Optimizer is applied as an optimization approach in dynamic control analysis. We also demonstrate how various energy storage techniques impact the system's dynamic control. This study provides a unique analysis illustrating the effects of the significant integration of EVs into the power grid. The proposed controller demonstrates excellent dependability across a variety of system configurations, even as energy consumption varies and renewable energy sources are unpredictable. Lastly, a real‐time simulator was used to model the developed power system with different secondary controllers.