Jupiter Interior Temperature Profile: Adiabatic Extrapolation from the One-Bar Level to Central Temperatures

This paper computes a quantitative budget for the deep interior of Jupiter from published spacecraft values, using a deliberately transparent calculation whose every step can be checked from the deposited script. The headline results are: central_temperature_K = 1.98e+04; central_temperature_range_K = 1.16e+04 to 3.37e+04; temperature_at_1_TPa_K = 1.28e+04; temperature_at_1_Mbar_K = 6.88e+03; one_bar_temperature_K = 165. The central temperature lands in the range of one to a few tens of thousands of kelvin, hot by everyday standards yet cool enough that thermal ionisation is negligible and pressure ionisation does all the work of metallising the hydrogen. The temperature at one megabar, the shallow metallisation neighbourhood, is several thousand kelvin, consistent with the regime in which laboratory dynamic-compression experiments find the fluid becoming reflective and conducting. The exponent bracket accounts for most of the published spread, which means disagreements about central temperature are largely disagreements about the equation of state expressed through one number. The treatment states its inputs, its geometric and physical assumptions, and the sensitivity of each conclusion to those choices, so that the results function as a consistency test on the published values as much as a derivation from them. Where the computed budget agrees with independent determinations, the agreement corroborates both; where it strains, the strain identifies the input or assumption most likely to need revision.