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Booking Iberia business class from Boston to Madrid for 34,000 Avios can beat cash fares, even with a $40 close-in fee, when award space is available. Independent technical note mirroring the canonical version: https://www.mightytravels.com/2026/11/iberia-bostonmadrid-business-check-if-34000-avios-off-peak-beats-cash/
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Riley Quinn (2026) studied this question.
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