Medical Insurance as a Guarantee of Citizens’ Rights to Health Protection in Russia and Germany

The article provides a comparative legal analysis of the health insurance systems in the Russian Federation and the Federal Republic of Germany. The definitions of “medical insurance system” and “medical insurance” are analyzed at the level of the Russian Federation, and various opinions of scientists are given. The article raises the issue of the nature of relations in the framework of medical care in compulsory medical insurance in Russia. It is concluded that they have a complex character, combining elements of public and private law. The subjects of compulsory medical insurance, the compulsory medical insurance contract, the compulsory medical insurance policy are considered. Along with compulsory medical insurance, the voluntary medical insurance program in Russia and Germany is being investigated. The article examines the key legislative acts that regulate the health insurance system in Russia and Germany. The principles of the German health insurance system are listed, namely compulsory insurance for the majority of citizens, joint financing, and self-government. The role of medical insurance as a tool for the realization of the constitutional right of citizens to health protection is being studied. The key similarities and differences between the two systems are identified, existing problems are analyzed and solutions are proposed.