Physicochemical Characterization of Polymer–ZnO Nanofluid at Different Temperatures Using Ultrasonic Waves at 2 MHz

Understanding the structural, thermal, and acoustic characteristics of polymer–ZnO nanofluids is crucial for their potential applications in nanotechnology, energy transfer, and biomedicine. This can only be achieved through physicochemical characterization. The current work used 2 MHz ultrasonic waves at different temperatures to produce and examine polymer‐stabilized ZnO nanofluids. For assessing the molecular interactions, dispersion stability, and thermophysical behavior of the nanofluid system, the ultrasonic approach offers a sensitive, non‐destructive probe. Acoustic impedance, density, viscosity, adiabatic compressibility, intermolecular free length, and ultrasonic velocity were among the parameters that were measured and examined in relation to temperature. The results suggested strong polymer–nanoparticle interactions, indicating that the addition of ZnO nanoparticles significantly altered the polymer matrix's acoustic and thermodynamic properties. Temperature variations also had an impact on these characteristics, suggesting modifications to dispersion stability, relaxation processes, and molecular connectivity. The study shows that exploring physicochemical and molecular interactions in polymer‐based nanofluids may be done sensitively and non‐destructively using ultrasonic techniques at 2 MHz. The results are helpful in comprehending the stability, structural behavior, and possible uses of polymer–ZnO nanofluids in industrial processes, materials science, and heat transfer.