Spatially Resolved Operando X-ray Diffraction for Mapping Heterogeneities in Li-ion Single-Layer Pouch Cells

The electrochemical degradation of Li-ion batteries occurs at different spatial and temporal scales. This work demonstrates how operando synchrotron X-ray diffraction can be used to study degradation in Li-ion battery materials by mapping component-specific crystallographic structure evolution across a single-layer pouch full cell in real-time, with 100 micrometre spatial resolution and 10 millisecond data collection time per pixel. It enables the quantification of structural degradation processes in Li-ion battery cells from the atomic to macroscopic scale.