Research progress on Anoikis in hematological diseases: a literature review

Anoikis, a specialized form of programed cell death, is triggered by the detachment of cells from the extracellular matrix (ECM). It highlights the pivotal role of the cell-ECM interaction, a feature that distinguishes it from the more common apoptotic pathways. However, the severance of this vital link can precipitate the disassociation of cells from their native microenvironment, thereby potentially fueling the genesis and escalation of neoplastic growths. In the context of hematological malignancies, these aberrant blood cells frequently develop a resistance to Anoikis, thereby enhancing their survival and metastatic capabilities. Current studies have unveiled the complex interplay between the ECM and hematological cancers, an understanding of which is fundamental to deciphering the pathophysiology, the cell's evasion tactics, and the identification of novel therapeutic targets. This manuscript delves into the recent insights into the role of Anoikis in hematological disorders, elucidating its intricate mechanisms and cellular underpinnings. While existing studies have explored anoikis in isolated hematological disorders, a comprehensive synthesis of its role across diseases-particularly the shared and distinct mechanisms of resistance, ECM crosstalk, and therapeutic opportunities-remains underexplored. This review addresses this gap by integrating recent findings to inform novel therapeutic strategies.