A Comprehensive Review on Harnessing the Pharmacological Potential of Chalcone Hybrids

The review article explores the therapeutic potential of chalcone derivatives, a group of compounds characterized by their simple chemical structure and wide range of biological activities. Chalcones exhibit significant anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anticancer, antimicrobial, and antidiabetic properties. Their anti-inflammatory action is linked to the inhibition of enzymes like COX-2 and iNOS, while their antioxidant capacity helps prevent oxidative stress-related diseases, including cancer and neurodegenerative disorders. Chalcone derivatives also demonstrate anticancer effects by inducing apoptosis, inhibiting cell proliferation, and blocking metastasis. Additionally, these compounds show promise in combating bacterial, viral, and fungal infections, making them candidates for treating diseases like tuberculosis and HIV. The article further highlights the role of molecular docking studies, which help understand how chalcones interact with target proteins, providing insights for drug development. Structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies are also discussed, emphasizing the importance of chemical modifications to improve chalcones' therapeutic efficacy. Chalcone derivatives hold great promise in the development of new therapeutic agents across various disease areas, supported by both experimental research and computational models. This review helps the researchers unlock the doors of understanding and application in this vital area of study. This review delves into the pharmacological potential of chalcones and the role of docking studies in identifying their key molecular interactions with target proteins. This review covers literature from 2010 to 2024, analyzing structure-activity relationships (SAR) and experimental studies to highlight chalcones' therapeutic relevance. The findings from these studies pave the way for the design and development of new therapeutic agents based on chalcone scaffolds.