Harnessing of Chalcones in Cancer Therapy

Cancer is a leading global health concern, causing millions of deaths annually. It results from uncontrolled cell proliferation, often driven by genetic mutations. Chalcones, a subclass of flavonoids, have emerged as potential anticancer agents due to their modifiable chemical structure and diverse biological activities. Studies have demonstrated their effectiveness against various cancer cell-lines including MCF-7 and Caco-2, with certain derivatives acting as potent enzyme inhibitors. Given their promising anti-proliferative properties, chalcones hold significant potential for the development of novel anticancer drugs and overcoming drug resistance. This review is needed to consolidate recent advancements, to explore novel chalcone derivatives and to assess their clinical relevance, providing a deeper understanding of their role in cancer treatment and potential health risks. This study explores chalcones potential as anticancer targets, highlighting their molecular mechanisms. It examines natural sources of chalcones, focusing on key compounds like butein, curcumin and xanthohumol with significant anticancer properties. The review also covers synthetic chalcones and chalcone hybrids, emphasizing structure modifications for enhanced efficacy. Furthermore, it evaluates their role in overcoming drug resistance and bioavailability challenges, offering a comprehensive perspective. Given the rising interest in natural and synthetic bioactive compounds, this review is essential for guiding future research and drug development. By consolidating diverse findings, it provides a critical update on chalcones’ therapeutic potential, aiding in the discovery of more effective anticancer treatments.