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Operando analysis demonstrates the cycling stability and reversible structure changes in hydrated zinc vanadium oxide, implying its potential as a multivalent ion cathode.
The hydrated vanadium oxide intercalated with various ions continue to spark interest as possible candidate for multivalent ion cathode hosts. The zinc vanadium bronze (ZnxV2O5-yH2O x ∼ 0.25) as a Zn-ion intercalation cathode shows excellent cycling and competitive energy density. This operando and ex-situ study, using synchrotron-based X-ray absorption near-edge spectroscopy (XANES), extended X-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS), and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS), investigates the local electronic and geometric structure of this candidate material during electrochemical cycling in an aqueous cell against zinc metal anode. The study reveals a clear charge compensation process upon ion intercalation by tracking the V K absorption edge. The cycling stability and high-rate recovery are also assessed by comparing initial cycle XAS data and post rapid-cycling XAS data. These experiments evince significant, yet highly reversible, local chemical and structural changes in this hydrated zinc vanadium oxide for multivalent ion (de)intercalation.
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