Barriers, Opportunities, and Pathways for Climate Adaptation in China Toward Carbon Neutrality: Sustainable Mining Practices and Land Management

China's mining industry, crucial for economic growth and a major greenhouse gas emitter, must transition to carbon neutrality by 2060 to meet national goals. Using Delphi, HBN, and BWM, this study identifies and prioritizes barriers and opportunities for carbon neutrality in mining, ensuring strategic depth through expert elicitation and probabilistic modeling. The top three barriers—financial constraints, high energy intensity, and regulatory challenges—necessitate green financing and renewable energy adoption, weighted by expert consensus, underscoring the need for innovative financing to bridge gaps. Key opportunities are solar power, carbon capture and storage (CCS), and equipment electrification, enhancing decarbonization efforts, with carbon pricing driving sustainable practices, prioritized through multi‐criteria analysis, aligning with China's sustainability goals. Addressing these barriers through policy tools like green bonds and renewable mandates supports stakeholder transitions. The study highlights regional disparities, with coal‐dependent provinces like Inner Mongolia facing unique challenges, while regions like Xinjiang offer renewable potential, informing tailored strategies. This framework guides policymakers and stakeholders, offering region‐specific strategies for sustainable mining, contributing to global climate action through scalable decarbonization solutions, emphasizing interdisciplinary approaches to align technological, financial, and regulatory dimensions for sustainable mining, and contributing to global efforts by showcasing scalable models for resource‐intensive sectors.