Investigating the Effectiveness of Stress Inoculation Training on Academic Hope, Academic Resilience, and Academic Emotions in Female High School Students

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of stress inoculation training on academic hope, academic resilience, and academic emotions among second-grade high school female students in Hassan Abad. This was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test-post-test control group design. The population included all second-level high school girls in Hassan Abad during the 2023–2024 academic year. Forty students with low scores in the target variables were selected using cluster sampling and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups (20 each). The experimental group received eight 90-minute group sessions of stress inoculation training. Instruments included the Educational Hope Questionnaire, the Academic Resilience Scale, and the Academic Emotions Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA). The results revealed that stress inoculation training significantly improved students’ academic hope, increased academic resilience, reduced negative academic emotions, and enhanced positive academic emotions (p<0.001). These improvements remained stable during the follow-up phase. Stress inoculation training proves to be an effective psychological intervention for improving key academic variables and can be recommended for school counselors aiming to enhance students’ educational outcomes.