The Efficacy and safety of honey as a treatment for pediatric cough and relation to future sport performance: a literature review

Honey has been used for centuries as a natural aid in treating various ailments, including respiratory tract infections. Its antibacterial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory properties make it an interesting subject of research in the context of relieving the symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections, especially cough. Cough is one of the most common symptoms in children. Although it is usually self-limiting and does not require causal treatment, it can significantly affect the child's comfort and worry parents. Cough, especially dry and paroxysmal, often worsens at night, disturbing the sleep of both the child and caregivers, which in turn can prolong the convalescence process and lead to a deterioration in general well-being. Modern scientific research increasingly confirms the effectiveness of natural bee products as support in treating upper respiratory tract infections. Honey affects many levels: it can soothe a sore throat, reduce cough, improve the functioning of the immune system, and shorten the duration of symptoms. The variety of available honey species, rich in bioactive compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and enzymes, creates a wide range of possibilities for their therapeutic use. This article aims to review the literature on the effect of honey on the relief of symptoms of upper respiratory tract infections. The mechanisms of honey action, its chemical composition, clinical evidence, and possible limitations in its use will be analysed.