The Role of Acetylsalicylic Acid in Oral Pathology: From Pharmacodynamics to Clinical Manifestations

Acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), commonly known as aspirin, is one of the most widely used medications globally due to its analgesic, anti-inflammatory, and antiplatelet effects. While extensively studied in systemic medicine, its implications in oral pathology remain less recognized but are clinically significant. This review explores the role of ASA in the context of oral health, focusing on its pharmacodynamics, local tissue effects, and clinical consequences. ASA can cause various oral manifestations, including mucosal ulcerations, delayed wound healing, and increased bleeding risk during dental procedures. Inappropriate topical use may lead to chemical burns, while systemic use can complicate surgical planning and periodontal management. The review also examines management strategies for dental patients on ASA therapy, highlighting the importance of maintaining therapy in most cases and emphasizing local hemostatic control. Furthermore, the need for future research on ASA’s effects on oral tissues, healing, and osseointegration is underscored. A better understanding of these mechanisms can improve dental care quality and patient safety in those receiving ASA therapy.