Association of Pulmonary Symptoms and Co-Morbidity Diseases with Lung Function in Adult Smokers

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Observational analysis shows pulmonary symptoms reduce lung function in smokers, indicating potential health risks.

Shortness of breath significantly decreases FEV1, FVC, and FEV1/FVC in adult smokers, highlighting a major health concern.
Among 350 adults studied, 19.5% had COPD, with the majority at Stage III or IV, pointing to advanced lung disease in this group.
Spearman’s correlation analysis revealed a significant association between stages of COPD and co-morbidity diseases such as diabetes mellitus.
Assessment using spirometry tests confirmed that pulmonary symptoms are predictive of lung function decline in smokers.

Sadeghi et al. (2025) studied this question.

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