The Impact of Multicomponent Intervention on Cognition in Older Adults with Subjective Cognitive Decline: A Randomised Controlled Trial

Background:Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is the self-perceived deterioration in cognitive function in the form of more frequent confusion or memory loss, in comparison to a previously normal state. Developing strategies to improve cognitive function and slow the rate of cognitive decline is essential to prevent further dementia. Purpose:The objective of the study was to investigate the impact of the multicomponent intervention encompassing physical, cognitive, and psychosocial components (PCP protocol) on the cognitive function of the older adults having SCD. Participants:The study involved 130 older adults having SCD. Participants were randomized into two groups; an experimental group received PCP protocol while a control group received regular Occupational Therapy (OT) program. Methods:A randomized controlled trial (RCT) design was employed. The intervention’s efficacy was assessed using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Addenbrooke’s Cognitive Evaluation (ACE-III) at baseline, 12th week, and 24th week, later the data was analyzed. Results:One-way ANOVA was conducted to compare the means of MOCA and ACE III scores across the three assessment sessions separately for the control and experimental groups. The experimental group showed significant improvement in MOCA (p = .013) and ACE II (p = .006) scores. Conclusions:A PCP protocol significantly improved cognitive outcomes in older adults with SCD. The findings will benefit both the patients and clinicians in cognitive health.