What type of study is this?

This is a Research and Development study.

Developing a digital flipbook to improve science learning outcomes for grade IV SDN 026560 Binjai

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Research and Development approach enhances learning outcomes in grade IV, suggesting digital tools are effective.

The digital flipbook improved learning outcomes, significantly enhancing student engagement in science topics.
The validity test showed high scores: media experts rated 93.3%, material experts at 92.9%, indicating strong approval.
The research followed a 4-D development model, consisting of defining, designing, and developing the educational tool.
With an overall average validity of 87.3%, this digital flipbook is categorized as suitable for educational use.

Parinduri et al. (2025) studied this question.

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