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September 5, 2025LeukemiaOpen Access

Long-term benefits of autologous stem cell transplantation versus intensive chemotherapy consolidation for acute myeloid leukemia patients: A propensity score matching analysis from the PETHEMA AML registry

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Authors

APAna Alfonso PiérolaDMDavid Martínez‐CuadrónRRRebeca Rodríguez‐Veiga

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Overview

Retrospective cohort analysis shows autologous stem cell transplantation improves overall survival in AML patients, suggesting it may be a viable alternative to chemotherapy.

Key Points

  • Autologous stem cell transplantation is linked to significantly longer overall survival in acute myeloid leukemia patients, particularly those ≤65 years.
  • In a cohort of 1272 AML patients, 78% of autologous stem cell transplantation recipients were diagnosed before 2017, compared to 38% who received chemotherapy.
  • Using propensity score matching, relapse-free survival advantages persisted for autologous stem cell transplantation in the cohort studied.
  • Findings indicate the continued relevance of autologous stem cell transplantation in the context of genomic and targeted therapy advancements.

Cite This Study

Piérola et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68bb4d2d6d6d5674bcd015c0https://doi.org/10.1038/s41375-025-02744-x
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1Allogeneic Transplantation Versus Chemotherapy as Postremission Therapy for Acute Myeloid Leukemia: A Prospective Matched Pairs Analysis2013 · 107 citations
  2. 2Autologous stem cell transplantation versus consolidation chemotherapy as post-remission treatment in newly diagnosed favorable and intermediate risk patients with AML: A comparative analysis of HOVON-SAKK-Nordic trials2025
  3. 3Is There Still a Role for Autologous Stem Cell Transplantation in Older Adults with AML?2026
  4. 4Comparison of allo-SCT, auto-SCT and chemotherapy for the treatment of patients with low- or intermediate-risk acute myeloid leukemia: a network meta-analysis2024 · 2 citations
  5. 5Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation is associated with improved survival compared with chemotherapy in patients with acute myeloid leukemia harboring favorable-risk genetic features at initial diagnosis: a single-center retrospective study2026