Multi-dimensional sleep status and trend of Chinese students aged 9–22: a large population-based study

Sleep is an important part of life and deserves a lot of attention, especially during the teenage years. It is of great significance to analyze the current situation of adolescent sleep and its development trend in order to understand the current students' sleep situation. The participants were 44 609 students aged 9-22 years from the Chinese National Survey on Students' Constitution and Health (CNSSCH). The latest survey data was used to analyze sleep status, while the data from the last three surveys were used to analyze sleep trends. A chi-square test was conducted to examine differences in napping, bedtime, sleep adequacy, social jet lag, sleep debt, and chronotypes among students. Student's t-test and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were applied to analyze the students' rise time and bedtime. Among primary school students, the proportion of those who go to bed late was the highest, with 41.3% staying up late on weekdays and 68.7% on weekends. High-school students had the shortest sleep duration on weekdays (6:47 ± 0:37), while college students had the highest proportion of late type (64.3%). Over the past decade, the proportion of students who have obtained sufficient sleep has been increasing both in the general population and among college students. The research findings indicate that although students' sleep conditions have improved, sleep issues such as insufficient sleep, late bedtime, and large social jet lag still require attention and further study.