Metabolic Syndrome in Hot Climates: Levels of Homeostatic Disorders

Metabolic syndrome (MS) is a polyethological systemic metabolic disorder, which in the classification of the World Health Organization (WHO) is designated as a “pandemic of abundance” (“disease of civilization”), due to the key role in its pathogenesis of a complex of interrelated factors: obesity (mainly abdominal type), dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance. According to WHO and leading medical associations, the prevalence of MS has become a global non-communicable epidemic, demonstrating a steady upward trend, especially in populations of industrialized and post-industrial countries and among the younger generation. The purpose of this article is to analyze, highlight, and systematize current data on the effects of chronic heat stress on key pathogenetic mechanisms of MS development, in particular, oxidative stress, the nature of changes in protein and lipid metabolism, and endothelial dysfunction. It has been shown that hypoxic conditions and oxidative stress are more likely to develop in hot climates, which is especially dangerous for patients with metabolic pathology. In addition, unfavorable climatic conditions contribute to changes in eating behavior, which worsens the condition of patients.