Work Overload, Role Ambiguity, and Work Environment: Conceptualizing Stress Factors in Public

This conceptual paper explores the relationship between job stress and employee mental health within the context of Malaysian public institutions. It focuses on three critical stressors commonly discussed in the organizational literature: work overload, role ambiguity, and work environment. Drawing on established theoretical frameworks and prior empirical findings, the paper examines how these factors contribute to psychological strain and diminished well-being among employees. The discussion underscores the relevance of proactive organizational strategies aimed at mitigating stressors and fostering a mentally healthy work climate. This paper provides a foundation for future empirical research and offers insights for policymakers and administrators seeking to enhance workplace mental health initiatives.