Osteosarcoma of the Mandible: A Case Report of Chondroblastic Variant With Pathological and Molecular Insights

Osteosarcoma is primarily a long-bone disease that rarely affects the facial bones. Chondroblastic osteosarcoma is a subvariant of osteosarcoma. Its defining characteristics include the presence of malignant spindle and polygonal cells, as well as a thick layer of chondroid matrix and interwoven neoplastic tissue deposition. Mandibular Chondroblastic osteosarcoma, in particular, is often overlooked and disregarded as a presumptive diagnosis at the time of initial presentation. Here, we present the case of a 38-year-old female patient with pain and mild swelling at the left side of mandible that was initially misdiagnosed as an osteomyelitis of the mandible. The subsequent histopathological examination confirmed the diagnosis of chondroblastic osteosarcoma of the mandible. This article illustrates a rare case of mandibular chondroblastic osteosarcoma, with a focus on the clinical and pathological features of the tumor that should be taken into account when making a differential diagnosis for oral bone lesions.