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September 10, 2025European Journal of Physical and Rehabilitation MedicineOpen Access

Effects of lower limb botulinum toxin injections on gait functional outcomes in stroke survivors: a systematic review and meta-analysis

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Authors

CSChiara De SantisSDStefano DoronzioMSMaria Anna Szczepanska

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Overview

Systematic review and meta-analysis show botulinum toxin does not significantly improve gait in stroke survivors, indicating the need for more robust trials.

Key Points

  • Current evidence indicates no significant effects of botulinum toxin on gait speed in stroke survivors.
  • Meta-analyses revealed insufficient evidence to support significant improvements in other gait parameters after treatment.
  • Eight studies involving 434 participants receiving botulinum toxin injections were included in this systematic review.
  • Adequately-powered trials are necessary to fully assess the impact of botulinum toxin on functional outcomes beyond spasticity.

Cite This Study

Santis et al. (2025) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/68c1d5fe54b1d3bfb60f9382https://doi.org/10.23736/s1973-9087.25.08995-6
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Also Consider

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  1. 1AAPM&R consensus guidance on spasticity assessment and management2024 · 36 citations
  2. 2Quantifying heterogeneity in a meta‐analysis2002 · 37,567 citations
  3. 3Preferred reporting items for systematic review and meta-analysis protocols (PRISMA-P) 2015 statement2015 · 27,133 citations
  4. 4OnabotulinumtoxinA for the Treatment of Poststroke Distal Lower Limb Spasticity: A Randomized Trial2018 · 71 citations
  5. 5Consensus guidelines for botulinum toxin therapy: general algorithms and dosing tables for dystonia and spasticity2021 · 83 citations