The Multifaceted Impact of Learning Disabilities in Children on Economic Outcomes: An Overview

Learning disabilities (LDs) are neurologically rooted conditions that affect a significant proportion of children worldwide, leading to persistent challenges in acquiring academic skills such as reading, writing, and mathematics. While LDs are distinct from intellectual disabilities and often co-occur with average or above-average intelligence, their impact extends far beyond the classroom. This paper examines the multifaceted economic consequences of learning disabilities, ranging from individual and familial financial burdens to broader macroeconomic implications, including lost productivity and reduced national GDP. Drawing upon theoretical frameworks such as human capital theory and the biopsychosocial model, the study explores how learning disabilities constrain educational attainment, labour market outcomes, and long-term socioeconomic mobility. It further evaluates policy responses, intervention models, and inclusive educational strategies that mitigate these effects. Case studies from India and other contexts illustrate the effectiveness of early intervention, teacher training, and community-based support systems. The paper concludes by advocating for a national policy framework, curricular reforms, and multisectoral collaboration to foster greater inclusion, equity, and economic sustainability. Recognising the economic and developmental significance of LDs is crucial for building inclusive societies that harness the full potential of all individuals.