Relationship Between Diabetes, Dietary Patterns, Nutritional Status and Depression in Brazilian Adults: Vigitel Analysis

Objective: This study aimed to assess the association between diabetes mellitus, dietary patterns, nutritional status and depression among Brazilian adults. Design: A cross-sectional study. The diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, depression, and anthropometric data were self-reported. Food consumption was assessed using dietary patterns identified by latent class analysis, considering 25 food groups. A multiple logistic regression model was devised to assess the association between Diabetes mellitus, dietary patterns, nutritional status, and depression. Setting: This study was conducted with adults living in the Brazilian state capitals and the Federal District. Data from the Surveillance of Risk and Protective Factors for Chronic Diseases by Telephone Survey (Vigitel) carried out between 2022 and 2023 were used. Participants: 21,677 Brazilian adults aged over 18 years. Results: The prevalence of Diabetes mellitus was 10.2%. We identified two dietary patterns: (i) composed predominantly of fresh foods and (ii) composed of ultra-processed foods. According to the proposed regression model, greater adherence to the ultra-processed food pattern (OR=1.11; p=0.034), excess weight (OR=1.96; p=<0.001), and depression (OR=1.44; p=<0.001) remained associated with a greater chance of having diabetes mellitus. Conclusion: The coexistence of high consumption of ultra-processed foods, excess weight, and depression were identified as predictors of Diabetes mellitus in the Brazilian adult population.