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September 21, 2025CureusOpen Access

Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis: A Life-Threatening Hyperinflammatory Syndrome

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Hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis is a rare, life-threatening syndrome marked by uncontrolled immune activation.
Both episodes of HLH in the patient involved severe systemic inflammation and required targeted therapy with anakinra.
Diagnosis is challenging due to nonspecific symptoms, emphasizing the need for clinical awareness in at-risk populations.
Effective management can prevent recurrence and long-term complications, such as lung damage and ongoing inflammation.

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This case study demonstrates hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis in adults, revealing key immune dynamics and treatment options.

Khan et al. (2025) studied this question.

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