The Role of Information Technology in Crisis Management

The growing instability and digital transformation of the economy require enterprises to use modern tools for effective crisis management. The diversity and specificity of modern crises make traditional management methods insufficient, increasing the importance of information technology for forecasting, analyzing and neutralizing threats. The purpose of the article is a comprehensive analysis of the possibilities and effectiveness of using modern information technologies at all stages of crisis management. To achieve this goal, the following tasks were set: to investigate the theoretical foundations of crisis management; to classify information technologies applicable in crisis situations; to analyze their use at each stage of the crisis cycle; to identify the advantages, risks and limitations of their implementation; to develop practice-oriented recommendations. The results of the work demonstrate that information technologies are radically transforming crisis management, shifting it from a reactive to a proactive model. The range of key technologies (Big Data, AI, GIS, DSS, BI-systems) for each stage is defined and described in detail: pre-crisis, response and recovery. Significant advantages of their implementation have been identified, such as improved forecast accuracy and decision-making speed, as well as associated risks, including cyber threats and high cost of implementation. The principles of building a fault-tolerant and scalable information technology infrastructure, which is the basis for effective crisis management, are formulated.