Association of prothrombin gene mutation (G20210A) with recurrent pregnancy loss

Background: Recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) is a significant reproductive health concern, often with multifactorial etiologies. Among the possible causes, thrombophilic gene mutations, such as the Prothrombin G20210A mutation, has the most potential role. This study aimed to investigate the association between Prothrombin G20210A gene mutation and RPL in a selected group of Bangladeshi women. Methods: This case-control study was carried out in the outpatient Department of Fetomaternal Medicine, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from December 2020 to May 2021. Total 35 women with history of recurrent pregnancy losses were selected as cases. The control group consisted of 35 women with at least one successful pregnancy and no history of recurrent pregnancy loss. Results: Out of 35 cases two patients have Prothrombin gene mutation, one in 1st trimester and another in 2nd trimester. One was primary RPL and another one was secondary RPL. Normal homozygous (GG) were 94.3% and mutant heterozygous (GA) were 5.7%, mutant homozygous (AA) were 0.0% in case group. In control group there were no mutation of prothrombin gene (G20210A). The difference was statistically not significant (p=0.421) between two groups. Fisher exact test was done. This test was done to see the results were statistically significant or not. It is usually employed when sample sizes are small but it is valid for all sample sizes. Conclusions: This study found no statistically significant association between the Prothrombin G20210A gene mutation and recurrent pregnancy loss. Although 5.7% of cases had heterozygous mutations, none were observed in controls.