Digital Transformation Drivers, Technologies, and Pathways in Agricultural Product Supply Chains: A Comprehensive Literature Review

The digital transformation of agricultural product supply chains has emerged as a strategic direction that cannot be overlooked in the global modernization of agriculture. This paper adopts a narrative review framework based on the “Technology–Collaboration–Sustainability” perspective in the digital transformation of agricultural product supply chains, summarizing the drivers of digital transformation, the application of digital technologies, multi-stakeholder collaborative mechanisms, and pathways for sustainable development within these supply chains. The study finds that the core drivers promoting the digital transformation of agricultural product supply chains include external environmental factors (such as population growth, dietary shifts, and food waste) and internal demand drivers (such as industrial upgrading and increased corporate competition). The application of digital technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), blockchain, and artificial intelligence (AI) has significantly improved the efficiency, transparency, and resilience of the supply chains. Furthermore, various models of multi-stakeholder collaborative mechanisms have optimized resource allocation and enhanced supply chain stability. Finally, the paper proposes a pathway for the sustainable development of agricultural product supply chains based on digital transformation, providing directions for future research and practice.