Case report highlights surgical intervention for complex pulmonary venous variations, indicating challenges in preoperative planning.
Among all variants of total anomalous pulmonary venous connection, mixed variety is a rare congenital anomaly. It comprises 3 different patterns including 2+2, 3+1, bizarre variations. These bizarre variations are uncommon findings in mixed variety. In this particular case, we report surgical correction of such rare variation comprising [2(1/2) cardiac + 1(1/2) supracardiac] type of pulmonary venous drainage. These variations impose the importance of preoperative delineation of heterogeneous venous drainage and subsequent planning for surgical repair.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Loona et al. (2025) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: