Dangerous waves of the Caspian Sea and life safety

The article examines the wind regime and conditions for the formation of dangerous waves in the Caspian Sea. In the Caspian Sea, storm winds from northern and southern directions experience significant acceleration and generate large waves in the deep parts of the sea. Based on the analysis, it was revealed that throughout the year, winds from the north (NW, N, NE) and south (SE, S) directions prevail over the Caspian, where the average wind speed within the sea varies between 4-7 m/s. Changes in wind speed across the Caspian by month are represented graphically. It was determined that winds on the sea surface lead to the formation of high waves, which largely determine the conditions for the formation of the upper water layer, the depth of the thermocline, and serve as an important relief-forming factor in the coastal zone of the Caspian Sea. From the investigation over the last 10 years, it was determined that the Caspian Sea is characterized by the fact that the influence of meridional atmospheric processes is expressed more intensely and vividly. In conclusion, these processes can be defined by means of climatic factors, such as destructive storm winds over the sea, which are due to the intrusion of temperate maritime air. Sea disturbances lead to the formation of dangerous natural processes. As a result of the investigation, it was determined that the invasion of cold air leads to the formation of cloud ridges of convective cloudiness over the Caspian Sea, observed on satellite images due to the passage of cold air over a warm water surface. «Cloud streets» are formed – ridges of convective cloudiness – which can often be observed over the Caspian Sea and adjacent territories during the cold season. As an example, an experiment was conducted, which showed on the satellite image from January 10, 2008, that stratocumulus clouds aligned along the axis from north to south in the direction of the prevailing wind over the Caspian Sea. They formed «cloud streets», which are associated with the advection of cold air over warm and moist air over the water surface. They disrupt the normal operation of maritime transport, destroy communication systems, bringing them to a non-functional state, and strong waves are formed in the sea and other water bodies. The joint use of ground and space information can contribute to urgent measures to reduce the destruction and loss of life from storm waves.