Assessment of the wind and wave energy potential in the water area of the Caspian Sea

Problem statement. In modern times, the rapid increase in energy demand in the world and the environmental consequences of traditional energy sources make it necessary to switch to alternative energy. The use of alternative energy is not only important for environmental protection, but also reduces the dependence of countries and economic systems on oil, gas and their prices. At the same time, global problems such as climate change and air pollution increase the importance of renewable energy sources. Purpose. The main goal of the research is to scientifically assess the wind and wave energy potential in the Caspian Sea and to justify this energy production with calculations. Research methods. In the article, the wind and wave field of the Caspian Sea was studied in order to exploit the potential of wind and wave energy, and the energy of the obtained energy was calculated. To develop the wind parameters, data from three databases were used, two of which were space data and one was long-term operations. To increase the power of the waves and the energy obtained from them with both northern and southern winds, terrestrial data were used. Based on the obtained data, plans for the payment of wind and wave energy in the Caspian Sea were drawn up. Conclusion. Using the natural potential of the Caspian Sea, the involvement of alternative energy sources in the production of electricity and heat will allow for progressive changes in the future development directions of electricity. The affordable geographical location and climatic conditions of the Caspian Sea region allow for the widespread use of environmentally friendly alternative energy sources such as wind and wave energy. This will not only save a lot of fuel burned in thermal power plants, but will also significantly reduce the amount of hazardous waste discharged into the environment. As a result of the conducted research and calculations, it was determined that the amount of wind energy that can be obtained using the FL 2500_90 type wind turbine at selected points on the Absheron Peninsula and the coastal zone adjacent to it is approximately 5–7 GW/h, and from the Northwind 100C (95 kW) type wind turbine – 0.33 GW/h. At the same time, the capacity factor (CF) of wind turbines at these points varies in the range of 25–33% and 35–40% respectively. It was determined that in the region there is some difference in terms of wave annual average energy potential. Thus, for northern and northwestern winds, the wave energy density varies in the range of approximately 15,000–35,000 kW/m, and for southern and southeastern winds, it varies in the range of 20,000–35,000 kW/m.