Time Relationship between the Occurrence of a Thromboembolic Event and the Diagnosis of Hematological Malignancies

Objectives. Venous and arterial thromboembolism (VTE/ATE) often coexist with onco-hematologic diagnosis. This study aimed to assess the time relationship between the diagnosis of VTE/ATE and blood cancers. The second aim was to identify VTE/ATE risk factors related to the type of hematology disease and cardiac history. Methods. A total of 1283 patients underwent cardio-oncology evaluation at the Institute of Hematology and Transfusion Medicine in Warsaw from March 2021 through March 2023 (2 years), and 101 (7.8%) cases were identified with VTE/ATE. Results. ATE compared with VTE significantly occurred more often before the diagnosis and treatment of hematologic malignancy: 33/47 (70.2%) vs. 15/54 (27.8%), p < 0.0001. The risk of a VTE episode is exceptionally high in the first months after the diagnosis of an onco-hematological disease and the initiation of anticancer treatment. The higher frequency of VTE was associated with acute myeloid leukemia (17 cases/270 patients/6.30%/p = 0.055), acute lymphocytic leukemia (7 cases/76 patients/9.21%/p = 0.025), and chronic myeloproliferative disease (7 cases/48 patients/14.58%/p = 0.0003). Only the risk of VTE was significantly increased before (OR = 6.79; 95% CI: 1.85–24.95; p = 0.004) and after diagnosis of myeloproliferative disease (OR = 3.12; 95% CI: 1.06–9.16; p = 0.04). Conclusions. ATEs occur more often than VTE before a diagnosis of blood cancer. The risk of VTE is exceptionally high before and after diagnosis of chronic myeloproliferative disease.