Diagnosing and Psycho-Educational Support of Children With Learning Disabilities

In the article, it was described that learning disability are a group of diagnoses that impact reading, math, writing, organization, listening comprehension, and the overall processing of information.Among the first signs of a learning disorder, we can identify that children may have delays in other areas of developments, such as language delays or fine motor skill delays.They may learn to speak later than average or have delays with other motor skills like running, jumping or riding a bike.Once they start school, children may then begin to show difficulties learning the alphabet, learning numbers, rhyming, recognizing letters, or remembering the days of the week.Some of the most common learning disabilities are the following: dyslexia; dysgraphia; dyscalculia; apraxia of speech; central auditory processing disorder; nonverbal learning disorders.A comprehensive assessment to diagnose a learning disorder, is completed by highly-trained professionals which can include psychologists, neuropsychologists, speech language pathologists, and special educators.There is no single test that is used to make a diagnosis, rather information is collected from multiple sources.These can include medical and developmental history from parents, as well as school records, student's self-reports, direct observations, and standardized measures of intelligence, and academic performance.Журнал «Перспективи та інновації науки» (Серія «Педагогіка», Серія «Психологія», Серія «Медицина») № 8(42) 2024 36 There are two diagnostic classification systems that professionals use to classify learning disorders.The first is called the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders fifth edition, the DSM-5.The second is called the International Classification of Diseases tenth edition, ICD-10.In the DSM-5, there's a set of four criteria for a diagnosis of specific learning disorder.First, the person must demonstrate difficulties in learning and must display one of the following six symptoms, that has lasted longer than six months and has not improved despite interventions.The second criteria means that the academic skills are significantly below what would be expected for the child's chronological age.It also needs to cause significant interference with academic performance or daily living skills.The third criteria, is the learning challenges began during school age years and the fourth criteria, is the learning challenges are not better explained by other diagnoses.Including intellectual disability, visual or auditory impairment, neurological disorders, or lack of proficiency in a certain language.