MRI is one of a promising diagnostic of lower extremity arterial and venous disease, and non-contrast-enhanced MR angiography has an array of specific applications for numerous clinical indications. In this study, we demonstrated non-contrast-enhanced non-triggered 3D gradient-echo echo-planer-imaging (3D-GRE-EPI) can provide high quality MR Venography in lower extremities. Consequently, 3D-GRE-EPI was provided high sharpness, contrast and could distinguish veins and arteries.
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Takumi et al. (2024) studied this question.
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