Heart Failure and Chronic Kidney Disease: Prognosis and Therapeutic and Surgical Options.

Heart failure (HF) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are frequently interrelated conditions that significantly affect patients' quality of life and survival. Both conditions share common risk factors, such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension, and can exacerbate each other. HF can lead to deterioration in renal function due to reduced renal blood flow and activation of neurohormonal mechanisms. Conversely, CKD can worsen HF by causing volume overload and disrupting electrolyte balance. Managing these conditions requires an integrated approach that considers the complex interactions between the cardiovascular and renal systems. Objective: To analyze the therapeutic and surgical options available for treating heart failure in patients with chronic kidney disease and evaluate their impact on patients' prognosis. Methodology: The study followed the PRISMA checklist and involved a systematic search of PubMed, Scielo, and Web of Science databases. Keywords included "heart failure," "chronic kidney disease," "therapeutic options," "surgical options," and "prognosis." Inclusion criteria were articles published in the last 10 years, studies addressing both HF and CKD, and research providing data on therapeutic or surgical interventions. Studies focusing solely on one condition, articles outside the review's scope, and non-peer-reviewed research were excluded. Results: The results indicated that an integrated treatment approach, including risk factor management, specific pharmacotherapy, and surgical interventions, can significantly improve patient prognosis. Therapeutic options, such as ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers, have shown benefits in reducing symptoms and disease progression. Surgical interventions, such as coronary revascularization and kidney transplantation, were also associated with improvements in clinical outcomes. Conclusion: Emphasized that a combined and multidisciplinary approach is essential to optimize treatment and quality of life for these patients, highlighting the importance of personalized and integrated strategies for therapeutic success.