Figure 2 from Exosomal Thomsen–Friedenreich Glycoantigen: A New Liquid Biopsy Biomarker for Lung and Breast Cancer Diagnoses

Evaluation of exosomal TF-Ag-α in lung cancer diagnosis. A, The expression of TF-Ag-α was significantly higher in exosomes from A549 NSCLC and DMS-114 SCLC cells than those from BEAS-2B normal bronchial epithelial cells at an exosome concentration of 4 × 10¹⁰ exosomes/mL. B, The expression of exosomal TF-Ag-α in serum samples from a training set of patients with lung cancer and normal controls was measured. Exosomal TF-Ag-α expression was significantly higher in serum samples from patients with lung cancer at all stages (n = 40; stage I/II: n = 18; stage III/IV: n = 22) than normal controls (n = 41; low risk: n = 20; high risk: n = 21). C, Exosomal TF-Ag-α expression was significantly higher in serum samples from NSCLC (n = 30) and SCLC (n = 10) than normal controls (n = 41). **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001; ns, not significant.