Figure 5 from Exosomal Thomsen–Friedenreich Glycoantigen: A New Liquid Biopsy Biomarker for Lung and Breast Cancer Diagnoses

Evaluation of exosomal TF-Ag-α in breast cancer diagnosis. A, Expression of TF-Ag-α was significantly higher in exosomes from MDA-MB-231 triple-negative breast cancer and MCF-7 luminal A breast cancer cells than those from MCF-10A normal breast epithelial cells at an exosome concentration of 10¹¹ exosomes/mL. B, The levels of exosomal TF-Ag-α in serum samples from a training set of patients with breast cancer and normal controls were measured. Exosomal TF-Ag-α expression was significantly higher in serum samples from patients with breast cancer at all stages (n = 70; stage 0: n = 12; stage I: n = 14; stage II: n = 15, stage III: n = 14; and stage IV: n = 15) than normal controls (n = 14) and patients with benign breast conditions (n = 15). C, Exosomal TF-Ag-α expression was significantly higher in serum samples from patients with luminal A/B (n = 44), triple-negative (n = 9), and HER2-positive (n = 17) breast cancers than normal controls (n = 29 including 15 women with benign breast conditions). **, P < 0.01; ***, P < 0.001; ****, P < 0.0001; ns, not significant.