A study of predictors of lower extermity amputations in diabetic foot ulcer

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Background: Diabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) are severe complications in diabetes, leading to significant morbidity and mortality. A simplified classification system including precise prediction indicators for lower extremity amputations (LEA) would aid decision-making. Methods: This prospective observational study included 100 patients with diabetic foot ulcers admitted to Government Villupuram Medical College & Hospital over one year. Results: Approximately 38% of the patients were above 60 years, 31% were aged 51-60 years, and 12% were under 40 years. The mean age was 56.67 with a standard deviation of 12.97. Around 78% of the patients were males. 32% had SHTN, 22% CAD, 11% CVA, and 22% CKD. The diabetes duration was ≤5 years for 45% and >5 years for 55%. 62% were on oral hypoglycaemics agents, and 38% on insulin. About 56% were on regular treatment. Surgical treatments included above-knee amputation (5%), below-knee amputation (20%), Chopart’s amputation (11%), wound debridement (41%), intertarsal amputation (1%), Lisfranc amputation (11%), and Ray’s amputation (9%). Ulcers were found on the foot (68%), leg (28%), and sole (4%). Ulcer grading showed 12% grade I, 40% grade II, and 48% grade III. Staphylococcus was the most common organism cultured (55%). Conclusions: Diabetic foot ulcers are preventable yet lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Future studies should focus on early diagnosis and treatment to improve patient outcomes.